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Caroline Elizabeth Sarah Norton (22 March 1808 – 15 June 1877) was an English feminist, social reformer, and author of the early and mid-nineteenth century.〔Perkin pp. 26–28〕 Caroline left her husband in 1836, following which her husband sued her close friend Lord Melbourne, the then Whig Prime Minister, for criminal conversation. The jury threw out the claim, but Caroline was unable to obtain a divorce and was denied access to her three sons. Caroline's intense campaigning led to the passing of the Custody of Infants Act 1839, the Matrimonial Causes Act 1857 and the Married Women's Property Act 1870. Caroline modelled for the fresco of ''Justice'' in the House of Lords by Daniel Maclise, who chose her because she was seen by many as a famous victim of injustice. ==Youth and marriage== Caroline was born in London to Thomas Sheridan and the novelist Caroline Henrietta Callander.〔Perkins, pp. 1–2, 5〕 Her father was an actor, soldier, and colonial administrator, and the son of the prominent Irish playwright and Whig statesman Richard Brinsley Sheridan.〔Strauss, p. 141〕〔Mitchell, pp. 219–221〕 Her mother was Scottish, the daughter of a landed gentleman, Col. Sir James Callander of Craigforth and Lady Elizabeth MacDonnell, the sister of an Irish peer, the 1st Marquess of Antrim.〔Perkins, p. 1〕〔Cokayne, and others, ''The Complete Peerage,'' volume I, page 177.〕 Mrs. Sheridan authored three short novels described by one of her daughter's biographers as "rather stiff with the style of the eighteenth century, but none without a certain charm and wit..."〔Perkins, pp. 5–6〕 In 1817, her father died in South Africa, where he was serving as the colonial secretary at the Cape of Good Hope.〔Perkins, pp. 2–3〕 His family was left virtually penniless.〔Perkins, p. 4〕 Prince Frederick, Duke of York and Albany, an old friend of her grandfather's, arranged for Caroline's family to live at Hampton Court Palace in a "grace and favour" apartment, where they remained for several years.〔 The combined beauty and accomplishments of the Sheridan sisters led to their being collectively referred to as the Three "Graces".〔Kemble, p. 173〕 The eldest sister, Helen, was a songwriter who married Price Blackwood, the 4th Baron Dufferin and Claneboye. Through her, Caroline became the aunt of Frederick Hamilton-Temple-Blackwood, 1st Marquess of Dufferin and Ava, who later served as the third Governor General of Canada and eighth Viceroy of India. Her younger sister, Georgiana, considered the prettiest of the three, later became the wife of Edward Seymour, 12th Duke of Somerset. In 1827, Caroline married George Chapple Norton, barrister, M.P. for Guildford, and the younger brother of Lord Grantley.〔〔Scott-Kilvert, p. 614〕 Norton was a jealous and possessive husband, given to violent fits of drunkenness, and the union quickly proved unhappy due to his mental and physical abuse of Caroline.〔〔Caine, p. 67〕 To make matters worse, Norton was unsuccessful in his chosen career as a barrister, and the couple fought bitterly over money.〔Woodham-Smith, p. 220〕 During the early years of her marriage, Caroline used her beauty, wit, and political connections, to establish herself as a major society hostess.〔〔 Caroline's unorthodox behaviour and candid conversation raised more than a few eyebrows among 19th-century British high society; she made enemies and admirers in almost equal measure.〔 Among her friends she counted such literary and political luminaries as Samuel Rogers, Edward Bulwer-Lytton, Edward Trelawney, Abraham Hayward, Mary Shelley, Fanny Kemble, Benjamin Disraeli, the future King Leopold I of Belgium and William Cavendish, 6th Duke of Devonshire.〔〔Perkin, p. 85〕〔Perkins, pp. 19, 26, 48, 84, 178〕 In spite of his jealousy and pride, Norton encouraged his wife to use her connections to advance his career. It was entirely due to her influence that in 1831 he was made a Metropolitan Police Magistrate.〔Woodham-Smith, pp. 220–221〕 During these years, Caroline turned to prose and poetry as a means of releasing her inner emotions and earning money. Her first book, ''The Sorrows of Rosalie'' (1829), was well received.〔〔Perkins, p. 21〕 ''The Undying One'' (1830), a romance founded upon the legend of the Wandering Jew soon followed.〔Perkins, pp. 23–24〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Caroline Norton」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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